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| {{Infobox fashion designer
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| |image=Vivienne Westwood by Mattia Passeri.JPG
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| |name=Vivienne Westwood
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| |caption=Westwood in 2008.
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| |nationality= British
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| |birth_name = Vivienne Isabel Swire
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| |birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|4|8}}
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| |birth_place= [[Tintwistle]], [[Derbyshire]], England
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| |death_date=
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| |death_place=
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| |occupation = Fashion designer/Businesswoman
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| |education=[[University of Westminster]], [[Middlesex University]]
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| |label_name=Vivienne Westwood
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| |significant_design=
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| |awards= [[British Fashion Designer of the Year]] 1990, 1991 and 2006.
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| |spouse = Sam Westwood<small>(1962–65) (divorced); 1 child</small><br>Andreas Kronthaler <small>(since 1992)</small>
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| |children = Ben Westwood <small>(born 1963)</small><br>[[Joseph Corré]] <small>(born 1967)</small>
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| |}}
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| * [http://www.ghd-uksale.com ghd sale]
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| * [http://www.ghds-uk.net ghd uk]
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| * [http://www.juicycouture-uksale.com Juicy Couture]
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| '''Dame Vivienne Westwood''', [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]], [[Royal Designers for Industry|RDI]] (born '''Vivienne Isabel Swire''' on 8 April 1941) is a British fashion designer and businesswoman, largely responsible for bringing modern [[Punk fashion|punk]] and [[New Wave music|new wave]] fashions into the mainstream.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/vivw/hd_vivw.htm |last=Bell-Price |first=Shannon |title=Vivienne Westwood (born 1941) and the Postmodern Legacy of Punk Style Source: Vivienne Westwood (born 1941) and the Postmodern Legacy of Punk Style |publisher=Metmuseum.org |month=October |year=2004 |accessdate=2010-10-30}}</ref>
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| ==Life and career==
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| ===Early life===
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| Westwood was born '''Vivienne Isabel Swire''' in the village of [[Tintwistle]], [[Derbyshire]]{{#tag:ref|Westwood was born in [[Tintwistle]], however at the time of her birth in 1941 Tintwistle was within of the county of [[Cheshire]]. Since 1974, Tintwistle has fallen under the boundaries of the county of [[Derbyshire]].|group=N}} on 8 April 1941;<ref name="grande dame">{{cite news|author=Susannah Frankel |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/meet-the-grande-dame-of-glossop-743124.html |title=Meet the grande dame of Glossop|work=The Independent |location=UK |date=1999-10-20 |accessdate= 2010-03-30 | location=London}}</ref> the daughter of Gordon Swire and Dora Swire ([[née]] Ball), who had married two years previously, two weeks after the outbreak of [[World War II]].<ref name="detective">{{cite web|author=
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| Nick Barratt|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/3631589/Family-detective.html |title=Family detective |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |date=2007-02-24 |accessdate= 2010-03-30 | location=London}}</ref> At the time of Vivienne's birth, her father was employed as a storekeeper in an aircraft factory; he had previously worked as a [[greengrocer]].<ref name="detective"/>
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| Aged 17, Vivienne and her family moved to [[Harrow, London]]. She studied at the [[University of Westminster|Harrow School of Art]], taking fashion and silversmithing, but she left after one term saying, "I didn't know how a working-class girl like me could possibly make a living in the art world".<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1231_vivienne_westwood/text_panel_r1_01.html |title=Vivienne Westwood - The Early Years|publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]|date=|accessdate= 2010-03-30}}</ref> After taking up a job in a factory and studying at a teacher-training college, she became a [[primary school]] teacher.<ref name="grande dame"/> During this period, she also created her own jewellery, which she would sell at a stall on [[Portobello Road]].<ref name="grande dame"/>
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| In 1961, Vivienne Swire met Derek Westwood, a [[Hoover]]{{Disambiguation needed|date=June 2011}} factory apprentice, in Harrow.<ref name="disgracefully yours">{{cite news|author=|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/vivienne-westwood-disgracefully-yours-the-queen-mother-of-fashion-644255.html |title=Vivienne Westwood: Disgracefully yours, the Queen Mother of Fashion|work=The Independent |location=UK|date=2002-06-02|accessdate= 2010-03-31 | location=London}}</ref> They married on 21 July 1962 and Vivienne made her own wedding dress for the ceremony.<ref name="disgracefully yours"/> In 1963, she gave birth to a son, Benjamin Westwood.<ref name="disgracefully yours"/>
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| ===Malcolm McLaren===
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| [[File:WB 77-Johnny Rotten promo (video).jpg|thumb|140px|left|[[Johnny Rotten]] of the Sex Pistols wearing a Seditionaries t-shirt]]When she met [[Malcolm McLaren]], it signified the end of Westwood's marriage to Derek. Westwood and McLaren moved to a [[council flat]] in [[Clapham]]. Westwood continued to teach until 1971 when Malcolm decided to open a boutique at [[SEX (boutique)|430 King's Road]] called "Let It Rock" (later known variously as "Sex", "Too Fast To Live Too Young To Die", and "Seditionaries"). Westwood created clothes which McLaren conceived, drawing inspiration from [[Outlaw motorcycle club|bikers]], [[Sexual fetishism|fetishists]] and [[Prostitution|prostitutes]].<ref name="Queen of Extreme 3">{{cite news|author=Cathy Horyn|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/14/style/the-queen-of-extreme.html?pagewanted=3|title=The Queen of Extreme (page 3)|work=The New York Times |date=1999-02-14|accessdate= 2010-03-31}}</ref> During this period, McLaren became manager of the punk band [[Sex Pistols]] and subsequently the two garnered attention as the band wore Westwood and McLaren's designs. Whilst living in their flat in Clapham, Westwood and McLaren had a child, another son named [[Joseph Corré|Joseph]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}
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| ===Punk era===
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| Westwood was deeply interested by the punk fashion phenomenon of the 1970s, saying "I was messianic about punk, seeing if one could put a spoke in the system in some way".<ref name="disgracefully yours"/> Westwood still owns this shop, which is now known as ''World's End'', from which she sells her Vivienne Westwood Brands.
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| Vivienne Westwood only produced one Range of clothing that was called Worlds Ends. Vivienne Westwood then stopped producing the line in 1982 to concentrate on her Vivienne Westwood Lines.
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| The "punk style" included [[BDSM fashion]], [[Bondage (BDSM)|bondage gear]], safety pins, razor blades, bicycle or lavatory chains on clothing and spiked dog collars for jewelry, as well as outrageous make-up and hair. Essential design elements include the adoption of traditional elements of Scottish design such as tartan fabric. Amongst the more unusual elements of her style is the use of historical 17th and 18th century cloth cutting principles, and reinterpreting these in, for instance, radical cutting lines to men's trousers. Use of these traditional elements make the overall effect of her designs more shocking.
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| ===Vivienne Westwood (company)===
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| Westwood has five exclusively-owned shops; three in London, one in Leeds, and one in Milan. Franchise stores are located in Liverpool, Newcastle, Glasgow, three in Manchester and most recently, in FH Mall, Nottingham (20 March 2008), and in Blake Street, York (11 September 2008).{fact}} She also has showrooms in Milan, Paris and Los Angeles.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
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| ====Artistic collections====
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| [[File:Vivienne Westwood Naomi Campbell shoes.jpg|thumb|right|The pair of heels designed by Westwood in which [[Naomi Campbell]] famously stumbled while modelling at Westwood's fashion show in 1993<ref>{{cite news|author=|url= http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1250729/Red-faced-Agyness-Deyn-takes-tumble-catwalk.html |title=Red-faced Agyness Deyn does a Naomi Campbell whilst on the catwalk as the stars turn out for Haiti fundraiser |work=Daily Mail |location=UK |date= 2010-02-13 |accessdate= 2010-02-13}}</ref>]]
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| Her first catwalk show was presented in 1981, featuring the collaboration of Westwood and McLaren. The theme that year was Pirates.<ref name=Early>[http://www.viviennewestwood.co.uk/w/the-story/the-early-years The Early Years] Vivienne Westwood web site</ref> Subsequent Westwood's theme titles in the early years included Savage (1982), Buffalo Girls (Autumn/Winter 1982-83) and
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| Clint Eastwood, (Autumn-Winter 1984-85) (“Sometimes you need to transport your idea to an empty landscape and then populate it with fantastic looking people.”).<ref name=Early/>
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| She dubbed the period 1988 to 1992 "The Pagan Years" during which "Vivienne’s heroes changed from punks and ragamuffins to ‘Tatler’ girls wearing clothes that parodied the upper class."<ref>[http://www.viviennewestwood.co.uk/w/the-story/the-pagan-years The Pagan Years] Vivienne Westwood web site</ref> The period from 1993 to 1999 she called "Anglomania" and from 2000 to the present - "Exploration".<ref>[http://www.viviennewestwood.co.uk/w/the-story/anglomania Anglomania] Vivienne Westwood web site</ref><ref>[http://www.viviennewestwood-uk.com/] Vivienne Westwood web site</ref>
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| * [http://www.louisvuittonoutlet3.com louis vuitton outlet]
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| * [http://www.discountairmax.org air max]
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| Her Autumn/Winter 2005/06 Propaganda Collection drew inspiration from her archive, reinterpreting designs using [[Wolford]]'s exclusive knitting technology. Westwood has worked in close collaboration with Wolford since 2003.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} In 2006, she collaborated with Nine West, whose shoes are not designed directly by Westwood, however the Nine West brand name shares its label with Westwood. Westwood's Gold Label and MAN hats are created by [[Prudence Millinery]]. In December 2003, she and the [[Josiah Wedgwood|Wedgwood]] pottery company launched a series of tea sets featuring her designs.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
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| The first major retrospective of her work was shown in 2004–5 at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in London, and the [[National Gallery of Australia]] in Canberra. The exhibition, created from approximately 145 complete outfits grouped into the themes from the early 1970s to the present day, was drawn from her own personal archive and the V&A's extensive collection. The designs ranged from early punk garments to glamorous "historical" evening gowns.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
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| In July 2011 her collections were presented at the catwalk of [[The Brandery]] fashion show in [[Barcelona]].<ref>The Brandery, Catwalk, [http://www.thebrandery.com/portal/appmanager/efiraSalones/S094011?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=P75201021481310034214819&profileLocale=en TV Fashion Runway Show ]</ref>
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| ==Artistic influence==
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| Westwood has influenced the launch of the careers of other designers into the British fashion industry. She employed the services of [[Patrick Cox]] to design shoes for her ''[[Clint Eastwood]]'' collection in 1984. The result was a prototype for nine-inch-heeled shoes like the ones worn by supermodel [[Naomi Campbell]] when she fell during a Westwood fashion show in Paris in 1994.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
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| ===''Sex and the City''===
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| Demonstrating the impact of her long career, Westwood's designs were featured in the [[Sex and the City (film)|2008 film adaptation]] of the award winning television series ''[[Sex and the City]]''. In the film version of the television series, [[Carrie Bradshaw]] becomes engaged to long term lover [[Mr. Big (Sex and the City)|Mr. Big]]. Being a writer at ''Vogue'', her editor invites her to model wedding dresses for an upcoming article called "The Last Single Girl". One of the dresses featured in the photo shoot is a design made by Westwood and it is subsequently sent to Carrie as a gift, with a handwritten note from Westwood herself. Although she has already picked an outfit for the wedding, Carrie immediately decides to wear the Westwood gown instead. Despite being invited to participate in the making of the movie, Westwood was unimpressed with the costuming by renowned stylist [[Patricia Field]]. She walked out of the film's London premiere after 10 minutes, publicly criticising the clothing featured as being frumpy and boring. The wedding dress has subsequently become widely recognised as one of the movie's most iconic features and has led Westwood to approach the producers about being involved in making a sequel.<ref>{{cite web|author=Leisa Barnett |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/090107-vivienne-westwood-to-write-satc-seq.aspx |last=Barnett |first=Leisa |title=Sex And The Dame) |publisher=Vogue.co.uk |date=2009-01-07 |accessdate=2010-10-30}}</ref>
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| ==Political involvement==
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| [[File:Vivienne Westwood political designs.jpg|thumb|right|Westwood's clothing bearing political messages on display at an exhibition in [[Sheffield]]]]Westwood is widely known as a political activist.
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| In April 1989 Westwood appeared on the cover of ''[[Tatler]]'' dressed as then-Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]]. The suit which Westwood wore had been ordered for Thatcher but had not yet been delivered.<ref name="Thatcher Tatler">{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/livingicons/bio10.shtml |title=Biography: Dame Vivienne Westwood |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate= 2010-02-13}}</ref> Westwood's appearance on ''Tatler'' reportedly infuriated Thatcher.<ref name="Thatcher Tatler"/> The cover, which bore the title "this woman was once a punk", has become memorable cover for the magazine and was included in ''[[The Guardian]]''{{'}}s list of the best ever UK magazine covers.<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|author=|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/gallery/2008/aug/08/pressandpublishing?picture=336315461 |title=Are these the best ever UK magazine covers? |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date= 2008-08-08|accessdate= 2010-02-13 | location=London}}</ref> Additionally, the [[cover date]], April 1989, on the magazine bears the words "[[April Fool's Day|April fool]]".<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.magazineweek.net/cover-debate/14/read/ |title=''Tatler'', April 1989 |publisher=Magazine Week |date= |accessdate= 2010-02-13}}</ref>
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| Dame Vivienne stated on television in 2007 that she had transferred her long standing support for the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] to the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], over the issues of civil liberties and human rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/2007-11/071129-viviennes-christmas-speech.aspx |title=New Conservative Vivienne Westwood has something to get off her chest |publisher=Vogue.co.uk |date=2007-11-29 |accessdate=2010-10-30}}</ref>
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| On [[Easter Sunday]] 2008, she campaigned in person at the biggest [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] demonstration in ten years, at the [[Atomic Weapons Establishment]], [[Aldermaston]], [[Berkshire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/vogue_daily/story/story.asp?stid=51620&date=&sid= |title=Vivienne Westwood rallies at CND's Easter Monday demonstration in Berkshire |publisher=Vogue.co.uk |date=2008-03-25 |accessdate=2010-10-30}}</ref>
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| In September 2005, Westwood joined forces with the British [[civil rights]] group [[Liberty (pressure group)|Liberty]] and launched exclusive limited design T-shirts and baby wear bearing the slogan ''I AM NOT A TERRORIST, please don't arrest me''. Westwood said she was supporting the campaign and defending [[habeas corpus]]. "When I was a schoolgirl, my history teacher, Mr. Scott, began to take classes in civic affairs. The first thing he explained to us was the fundamental rule of law embodied in ''[[habeas corpus]]''. He spoke with pride of civilisation and democracy. The hatred of arbitrary arrest by the ''[[lettres de cachet]]'' of the French monarchy caused the storming of the Bastille. We can only take democracy for granted if we insist on our liberty", she said.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4287446.stm |first=Anna |last=Browning |title=The power of T-shirt slogans |publisher=BBC News |date=2005-09-28 |accessdate=2010-10-30}}</ref> The sale of the [[pound sterling|£]]50 T-shirts raised funds for the organisation.
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| ===Active Resistance Manifesto===
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| In a 2007 interview she spoke out against what she perceive as the "drug of [[consumerism]]",<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2007/may/12/shopping.fashion1 | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=All hail the Queen | first=Emma | last=Brockes | date=2007-05-11 | accessdate=2010-04-09}}</ref> and she attended the première of ''[[The Age of Stupid]]'', a film aiming to motivate the public to act against [[climate change]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/gallery/2009/mar/16/the-age-of-stupid-climate-change?picture=344648772 | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Age of Stupid premiere: the green carpet treatment | date=2009-03-16 | accessdate=2010-04-09}}</ref>
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| She later created a manifesto of ''Active Resistance to Propaganda'',<ref>Accessible at http://activeresistance.co.uk</ref>{{Clarify|date=June 2011}} which deals with the pursuit of art in relation to the human predicament and climate change.<ref name="observer-dec-07">{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2007/dec/02/fashion.women | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=I don't feel comfortable defending my clothes. But if you've got the money to afford them, then buy something from me. Just don't buy too much | date=2007-12-02 | accessdate=2010-04-09 | first=Carole | last=Cadwalladr}}</ref> In her manifesto, she "penetrates to the root of the human predicament and offers the underlying solution. We have the choice to become more cultivated and therefore more human – or by muddling along as usual we shall remain the destructive and self-destroying animal, the victim of our own cleverness."<ref>Vivienne Westwood, [http://activeresistance.co.uk/getalife/manifesto.html ''Active Resistance Manifesto'']</ref>
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| Against the claim that [[anti-consumerism]] and fashion contradict each other, she said in 2007 that "I don't feel comfortable defending my clothes. But if you've got the money to afford them, then buy something from me. Just don't buy too much."<ref name="observer-dec-07"/>
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| ===Vivienne Westwood's London===
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| In January 2011, Westwood was featured in a Canadian-made television documentary called ''Vivienne Westwood's London'' in which she takes the viewer through her favourite parts of London, including the [[Courtauld Institute of Art]], the [[Wallace Collection]], [[Whitechapel]] (accompanied by [[Sarah Stockbridge]]), [[Hampton Court]], the [[London Symphony Orchestra]], [[Brixton Market]] and [[Electric Avenue]], and the [[National Gallery]]. Her purpose, she said, was to share her love of high culture and to impress its importance on the current generation: "I love this city and its culture. I want to encourage people to love art and believe that culture can save the world. Culture is about people's outlook on the world and along with art, is the anchor that holds us together as a people and gives life greater meaning."<ref>Heather Toskan, QMI Agency, [http://www.canoe.ca/Travel/Activities/CelebrityTravel/2011/01/14/16887796.html Vivienne Westwood's London], January 22, 2010.</ref>
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| ==Recognition==
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| In 1992, Westwood was awarded an [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]], which she collected from [[Queen Elizabeth II]] at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="no knickers">{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-389954/Vivienne-Westwood-collects-royal-honour-wearing-knickers--again.html|title=Vivienne Westwood collects royal honour wearing no knickers - again |work=Daily Mail |location=UK |date=2006-06-09 |accessdate= 2010-03-31}}</ref> At the ceremony, Westwood was [[Knickers|knicker]]-less, which was later captured by a photographer in the courtyard of Buckingham Palace. Westwood later said "I wished to show off my outfit by twirling the skirt. It did not occur to me that, as the photographers were practically on their knees, the result would be more glamorous than I expected",<ref name="You ask">{{cite news|author=|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/vivienne-westwood-you-ask-the-questions-692758.html |title=Vivienne Westwood: You ask the questions |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=2001-02-21 |accessdate= 2010-03-31 | location=London}}</ref> and added "I have heard that the picture amused the Queen".<ref name="You ask"/> Westwood advanced from [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] to [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]] in the 2006 New Year's Honours List ''for services to fashion'',<ref name="no knickers"/> and has thrice earned the award for [[British Designer of the Year]].
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| ==Personal life==
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| Dame Vivienne Westwood is currently married to her former fashion student, Austrian-born [[Andreas Kronthaler]]. For 30 years Westwood lived in the [[council flat]] in [[Clapham]] until, in 2000, Kronthaler convinced Westwood to move into a [[Queen Anne style architecture|Queen Anne style]] house built in 1703, which once belonged to the mother of [[Captain Cook]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Cathy Horyn |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/18/t-magazine/womens-fashion/18westwood.html |title= The Queen V|work=The New York Times |date= 2009-12-31|accessdate= 2010-03-30}}</ref> Westwood does not watch television or read newspapers or magazines, however she is a keen [[gardener]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Piers Beeching |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/5983691/Me-and-my-garden-Vivienne-Westwood.html |title= Me & my garden: Vivienne Westwood |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |date= 2009-08-06|accessdate= 2010-03-30 | location=London}}</ref>
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| ==Children==
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| *Ben Westwood, son of Vivienne and Derek Westwood, is a photographer of erotica.
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| *[[Joseph Corré]], son of Vivienne Westwood and [[Malcolm McLaren]], is the founder of lingerie brand [[Agent Provocateur (lingerie)|Agent Provocateur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zimbio.com/Vivienne+Westwood/articles/rOnglLTHbgb/Vivienne+Westwood+son+Ben+Breaks+Men+Fashion |title=Vivienne Westwood’s son Ben Breaks into Men’s Fashion |author=sheiglagh |publisher=zimbio.com |accessdate=2009-07-26}}</ref>
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| ==Notes==
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| {{Reflist|group="N"}}
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://www.viviennewoodstore.com Viv Westwood]
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| *[http://www.viviennewestwood-uk.com Vivienne Westwood]
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| *[http://www.thelondonpaper.com/galleries/vivienne Paris Fashion Show 2007: Vivienne Westwood catwalk]
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| *{{fashiondesigner|id=vivienne-westwood}}
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| * [http://www.uggbootssalei.com ugg boots sale]
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| *[http://www.SEDITIONARIES.com The Incomplete Sordid works of Vivienne Westwood & Malcolm McLaren for their stores SEX and Seditionaries]
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| * {{cite web |publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]
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| |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1231_vivienne_westwood/
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| |title= Vivienne Westwood exhibition website, featuring resources and activities}}
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| *[http://www.elleuk.com/elletv/(channel)/ACCESS-ALL-AREAS/(playlist)/People/(video)/Vivienne-Westwood-on Vivienne Westwood on ELLE TV ]
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}
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| {{Use British English|date=August 2010}}
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| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| | NAME = Westwood, Vivienne
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| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| | SHORT DESCRIPTION =
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| | DATE OF BIRTH = 8 April 1941
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| | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Tintwistle]], [[Derbyshire]], England
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| | DATE OF DEATH =
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| | PLACE OF DEATH =
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| }}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Westwood, Vivienne}}
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| [[Category:1941 births]]
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| [[Category:Living people]]
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| [[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]
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| [[Category:Alumni of the University of Westminster]]
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| [[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
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| [[Category:English fashion designers]]
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| [[Category:British brands]]
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| [[Category:High fashion brands]]
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| [[Category:People from Glossop]]
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| [[Category:Sex Pistols]]
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| [[Category:Shoe designers]]
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| [[Category:English businesspeople]]
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| [[Category:English atheists]]
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